Genetic improvement of quantity/quality yield of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) ecotypes cultivated in Iran climatic conditions

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran

2 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran

3 Department of Agronomy, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Agronomy and plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Background & Aim: Black seed or black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) belongs the family Ranunculaceae. Black seed is one of these species, which is naturally distributed in different parts of the country. It is extensively cultivated in various regions of Iran.  Experimental: The experiment was achieved using randomized complete block design with three replications in the research field of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan Branch during 2013. Seed of ten ecotypes namely; Semirom, Zawareh, Golpayegan, Fereydan, Meymeh, Kashan, Khansar, Daran, Ardestan and Isfahan were cultivated in the plots comprising four rows. The essential oil was extracted by a Clevenger type apparatus andanalyzed by using GC/MS.
Results & Discussion: Statistical analysis indicated that there was significant difference among all traits. The results of regression and path analysis indicated that the number of branches, grain filling rate and days to blooming traits were the best indirect selection criteria to improve yield in black cumin. According to the results of this research, Fereydan and Daran ecotypes showed the optimum amount of essential oil content andmorphological traits. Furthermore, cross between these ecotypes has suitable advantage to increase seed and oil yield in black cumin breeding programs. Industrial and practical recommendations: There are few researches about breeding of black cumin. The results of present study could be applied in research centers as well by farmers to cultivate commercially and production black cumin especially for seed. 

Keywords

Article Title [فارسی]

انتخاب غیر مستقیم به منظور بهبود عملکرد کمی و کیفی اکوتیپ های سیاهدانه کشت شده در شرایط منطقه اصفهان

Authors [فارسی]

  • سعید صالحی 1
  • اسد رخ زدی 2
  • قربان نورمحمدی 3
  • سید محمدجواد میرهادی 3
  • احمدرضا گلپرور 4
1 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Department of Agronomy, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Agronomy and plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract [فارسی]

مقدمه و هدف: سیاهدانه یکی از گیاهان داروئی مهم و از تیره رانونکولاسه می باشد. لذا، این تحقیق با هدف بررسی نقش فاصله ژنتیکی و تعیین صفات موثر بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی سیاهدانه به مرحله اجراء درآمده است.  روش تحقیق: بذور 10 اکوتیپ گیاه داروئی سیاهدانه در قالب طرح پایه بلوک های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار در مزرعه آموزشی-پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان) کشت شد. در طول فصل زراعی مراقبت های لازم صورت گرفت. صفات مختلف در طی مراحل رشد گیاهان و در زمان خاص خود انجام شد. در نهایت، استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و به کمک دستگاه اسانس گیری طرح کلونجر صورت گرفت و میزان اسانس به وسیله دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه و شناسایی قرار گرفت.  نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاکی از تفاوت معنی دار بین اکوتیپ های سیاهدانه از نظر کلیه صفات مورد بررسی بود. نتایج تجزیه رگرسیون و علیت عملکرد نشان داد که صفات تعداد شاخه، روز تا شروع گلدهی، تعداد کپسول و سرعت پر شدن دانه بهترین شاخص های انتخاب غیر مستقیم در جهت بهبود ژنتیکی عملکرد دانه و اسانس اکوتیپ های سیاه دانه می باشند. اکوتیپ های داران، فریدن و کاشان بیشترین میانگین عملکرد اسانس را تولید نموده و لذا برای کشت توسط زارعین قابل توصیه هستند.  توصیه کاربردی/صنعتی: تحقیقات اندکی در مورد تعیین فاصله ژنتیکی و تعیین شاخص های انتخاب موثر برای بهبود ژنتیکی عملکرد کمی و کیفی در سیاهدانه انجام شده است. لذا، نتایج این تحقیق می تواند در به نژادی کاربردی گیاه داروئی و ارزشمند سیاهدانه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. با تعیین اکوتیپ های برتر نیز زارعین قادر خواهند بود به کشت و کار ژنوتیپ های دارای عملکرد بالا اقدام نمایند.

Keywords [فارسی]

  • سیاهدانه
  • تنوع ژنتیکی
  • شاخص های انتخاب
  • رگرسیون
  • تجزیه مسیر

References

Ali, A., Alkhawajah, A.A., Randhawa, M.A., Shaikh, N.A. 2008. Oral and interaperitoneal LD50 of thymoquinone an active principal of Nigella sativa in mice and rats. J. Ayub med Coll., 20(2), 25-7.
Ali, B.H., Blunden, G. 2003. Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa. Phytother. Res., 17, 299 305.
Ali, M.A., Sayeed, M.A., Alam, M.S., Yeasmin, M.S., Khan, A.M., Muhamad, I.I. 2012. Characteristics of oils and nutrient contents of Nigella sativa Linn and Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds. Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop., 26, 55–64.
Ansari, A.K., Sadiy, H.A.S. 1989. Structural studies on a saponin isolated from the seeds of Nigella sativa L. J. Phytochemistry., 27, 377-9.
Burits, M., Bucar, F. 2000. Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Phytother. Res., 14, 323 – 328.
Cheikh-Rouhou, S., Besbes, S., Hentati, B., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., Attia, H. 2007. Nigella sativa L. Chemical composition and phytochemical characteristics of lipid fraction. Food Chem., 101, 673–681.
D’Antuno, L.F., Moretti, F., Lovato, F.S. 2002. Seed yield, yield components, oil content and essential oil content and composition of Nigella sativa L. and Nigella damascene L. Ind. Crops Prod., 59–69.
Faravani, M., Razavi, A.R., Farsi, M. 2006. Study of variation in some agronomic and anatomic characters of Nigella sativa L. landraces in Khorasan. Iran. J. Med. Arom. Plants. Res., 22(3), 193-197.
Gharby, S., Harhar, H., Guillaume, D., Roudani, A., Boulbaroud, S. 2013. Chemical investigation of Nigella sativa L. seed oil produced in Morocco. J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci., 5, 1-6.
Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., Mohammadi, M. 2013. Phytochemical composition of the essential oil of different populations of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. Asian Pacific J. Tropical Bio., 3, 123–128.
Golparvar, A.R., Hejazi Dehaghani, M.R. 2012. Determination of the best indirect selection criteria for genetic improvement of seed yield in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) genotypes. Agric. Consp. Sci., 77 (2), 87-90.
Harami, M.A., Ekanem, E.O. and Bulama, S. 2010. Identification of essential oil components from Nigella sativa seed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Pak. J. Nutrition., 9 (10), 966-967.
Iqbal, M.S., Qureshi, A.S., Ghafoor, A. 2010. Evaluation of Nigella sativa L., for genetic variation and Ex-situ conservation. Pak. J. Bot., 42(4), 2489-2495.
Iqbal, M.S., Qureshi, A.S., Ghafoor, A. 2010. Evaluation of Nigella sativa L., for genetic variation and Ex-situ conservation.Pak. J. Bot., 42(4), 2489-2495.
Jabeen, R., Iftikhar, T., Mengal, T., Iqbal Khattak, M. 2012. A comparative chromosomal count and morphological karyotyping of three indigenous cultivars of Kalongi (Nigella sativa L.). Pak. J. Bot., 44(3), 1007-1012.
Lynch, M. 2008. Estimation of nucleotide diversity, disequilibrium coecients, and mutation rates from high-coverage genome-sequencing projects. Molec. Bio. Evolution., 25(11), 2409-2419.
Matthaus, B., Ozcan, M.M. 2011. Fatty acids, tocopherol, and sterol contents of some Nigella species seed oil. Czech J. Food Sci., 29,145–150.
Moody, H., Rashid Mohasel, M. 1998. Effect of plant density and nitrogen on yield and yield components of (Nigella Sativa L.), Crop Science Congress Abstracts.
Mozaffarian, V. 2008. A Pictorial Dictionary of Botany Botanical Taxonomy Latin–English–French–Germany –Persian/Complied. Farahang Moaser Tehran, 522.
Nickavar, B., Mojab, F., Javidnia, K., Roodgar Amoli, M.A. 2003. Chemical composition of the fixed and volatile oils of Nigella sativa L. from Iran. Verlag der Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung., 58, 629-631.
Rahimmalek, M., Bahreininejad, B., Khorrami, M., Sayed Tabatabaei, B.E. 2009. Genetic variability and geographical differentiation in Thymus daenensis subsp.daenensis Cleak, an endangered aromatic and medicinal plant as revealed byInter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Biochem. Genet., 47, 831–842.
Richards, R.A. 1996. Defining selection criteria to improve yield under drought. Plant Growth Reg., 20, 157-166.
Salamati, M.S., Zeinali, H. 2013. Evaluation of genetic diversity of some (Nigella sativa L.) genotypes using agro-morphological characteristics. Iran J. Med. Arom. Plants., 29(1), 201-214.
Shadia, K.A., Malaka, E.I., Aly, A.F. 1998. Effect of sowing dates and planting distances on Nigella sativa L. Egyptian J. Agri. Res., 76(3), 1145-1156.
Shafie, M.S.B., Zain Hasan, S.M., Shah, M.S. 2009. Study of genetic variability ofWormwood capillary (Artemisia capillaris) using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) in Pahang region, Malaysia. Plant Omics J., 2 (3), 127–134.
Sultan, M.T., Butt, M.S., Anjum, F.M., Jamil, A., Akhtar, S., Nasir, M. 2009. Nutritional profile of indigenous cultivar of black cumin seeds and antioxidant potential of its fixed and essential oil. Pak. J. Bot., 41, 1321–1330.
Takruri, H.R.H., Dameh, M.A.F. 1998. Study of the nutritional value of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.). J. Sci. Food Agric., 76, 404-410.
Talebi Kouyokhi, E., Naghavi, M.R., Alayhs, M. 2008. Study of the essential oil variation of Ferula gummosa samples from Iran. Chem. Natural Comp., 44(1), 124-126.
 
 
Journal of Medicinal Herbs,
Volume 6, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
Winter 2016
Pages 187-193

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 05 January 2014
  • Accept Date: 05 April 2014

Share

How to cite

Statistics